- Women's Health Project: Tobacco Advertising and Women - http://www.now.org/foundation/health/whp/fact4.html
NOW pamphlet. "Within six years of the tobacco industry's introduction of cigarette brands and ad campaigns targetting women, the number of girls smoking increased 110%." Factsheet and research references.
- ACSH: Health Advice in Women's Magazines: Up in Smoke? - http://www.acsh.org/publications/priorities/0803/advice.html
Dr. Elizabeth Whelan reviewed 13 magazines across 5 months, and finds they emphasize nonexistent or trivial health risks, while largely overlooking major causes of disease, particularly smoking.
- You've Come a Long Way...or Have You? - http://www.acsh.org/publications/reports/wms_0399.html
From the American Council on Science and Health a survey of 13 magazines over two years shows that women's magazines still downplaying health effects of smoking. The ratio of cigarette ads to articles on smoking is actually increasing.
- Tobacco Companies Exploit Women, says WHO - http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/322/7299/1384
Tobacco companies are exploiting women's struggle for equal rights by creating the impression that tobacco makes women more confident, more sexually attractive, and more in control of their own destiny, says a World Health Organization report.
- Why Cigarettes Can be a Woman's Worst Enemy - http://cnn.com/HEALTH/women/9911/08/women.smoking.2.wmd/index.html
Smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer; worsens your period; damages your fertility; hurts your unborn baby; ages you; attacks your heart.
- Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy - http://www.chem-tox.com/pregnancy/smoking.htm
New evidence that cigarette smoking during pregnancy can cause attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, aggressive behavior disorders and lower math and reading scores in children.
- Women First - Smoking Cessation - http://www.womenfirst.com/healthLibrary.asp?article=40&x=12&y=12
"For women approaching midlife, smoking cessation is the single most important change you can make to enhance your life expectancy." Collection of articles on smoking and quitting for women.
- Women and Smoking - http://www.ash.org.uk/html/conduct/html/tobexpld8.html
Chapter in a book on tobacco in the UK.
- Smoking and Reproduction - http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact07.html
ASH-UK Factsheet covers smoking and cervical cancer, fertility, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives, fetal growth and birth weight, spontaneous abortion, complications of pregnancy, perinatal mortality, secondhand smoke and pregnancy, children's health and long-term growth.
- Japan Ads Sell Women On Smoking - http://www.csmonitor.com/durable/1998/03/09/intl/intl.1.html
US tobacco companies run ads in Japan for brands such as Virginia Slims using images of liberated, Western, cosmopolitan women. Over the same period, the number of female smokers has climbed, young women in particular
- Countering Tobacco Marketing Towards Females - http://quitsmoking.about.com/health/quitsmoking/library/blwomagtob.htm
The National Coalition FOR Women AGAINST Tobacco reports that advertising that targets women and girls has actually increased since the tobacco settlement.
- Smoking-Related Deaths On The Rise Among American, French Women - http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/11/981120080005.htm
Smoking-related illnesses and deaths among American and French women have risen sharply in recent years, despite vigorous anti-smoking campaigns on a global scale, says a Penn State researcher.
- Women and Tobacco - http://tobacco.who.int/page.cfm?pid=49
WHO report. Women as the tobacco industry sees them; health effects of tobacco specific to women; women's brands and 'light' cigarettes.
- The Wrong Way to Stay Slim - http://www.nejm.org/content/1995/0333/0018/1214.asp
Editorial from the New England Journal of Medicine looks at the connection between body image, advertising, and smoking.
- Philip Morris: National Expert on Women - http://www.tobacco.org/Documents/dd/ddpmexpertonwomen.html
Once-secret memo, the Virginia Slims Opinion Poll Public Relations Plan, documents a PR campaign that Philip Morris ran to position itself as the "most authoritative chronicler of women's issues".
- Smoking is a Women's Issue - http://tobaccofreekids.org/reports/women/
Report from the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids covers harm to women from tobacco products, promotion to women and girls by the tobacco industry.
- Catching Our Breath: A Journal About Change for Women who Smoke - http://www.cwhn.ca/resources/breath/index.html
Written by women for women; explores some of the problems women must overcome to quit smoking, or to reduce the amount they smoke. Also explores why women smoke as well as ways to cope and relax without smoking.
- The New Face of Tobacco: Women - http://lists.essential.org/pipermail/intl-tobacco/2001q2/000454.html
Znet article surveys tobacco industry marketing to women in the US and worldwide.
- ivillage: Smoking and Women - http://www.ivillagehealth.com/library/nwh/content/0,4482,215912_227354,00.html
Why tobacco products are more harmful to women; dimensions of the problem nationally; quitting; prevention.
- Background on Women & Girls and Tobacco - http://tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0137.pdf
Campaign For Tobacco-Free Kids backgrounder covers cigarette promotions targeting women and girls. In PDF.
- Higher death risk for women smokers - http://news6.thdo.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/background_briefings/smoking/newsid_225000/225928.stm
Women are twice as likely to develop an untreatable form of lung cancer than men, according to the UK's biggest lung cancer study.
- Virginia SLAM! - http://www.drdonnica.com/display.asp?article=3409
Leslie Nuchow began Virginia SLAM! as a counter movement against the Virginia Slims record label, Woman Thing Music. Virginia SLAM! produced two SLAM! concerts in 1997 and 1998, featuring the Indigo Girls and Shawn Mullins that focused on keeping the tobacco industry out of music.
- Women's Magazines Cover Up Health Risks - http://healthfactsandfears.com/featured_articles/may2002/magazines051602.html
Congressional testimony on why women's magazines, while reporting widely on health topics, have a near complete lack of coverage on smoking.
- Women and Smoking - http://www.womenandsmoking.com/cessation.html
Discusses effects of smoking on women and the steps to smoking cessation.
- Smokey Imagery and the 7 Deadly Myths - http://www.oxygen.com/health/healthyliving/smoking/smoking3.jhtml
Oxygen.com describes tobacco industry use of images of thin, liberated women, enjoying an active, love-filled life, to get women to smoke.
- Independence From Smoking - http://www.4woman.gov/QuitSmoking/index.cfm
National Women's Health Information Center provides information and resources to empower women and girls, and the people they love, to gain independence from smoking.
- Tobacco, and Women and Young People - http://www.bma.org.uk/tcrc.nsf/4723e4b3bbc9362e802566e300360f8e/e9649e91b76c48178025688f0052751b?OpenDocument
Chapter from a book by the British Medical Association examines women and smoking.
- Torches of Freedom - http://www.rtvf.unt.edu/people/craig/pdfs/torches.PDF
Themes of Women's Liberation in American Cigarette Advertising; a paper presented at the Southwest / Texas Popular Culture Association Convention. In PDF.
- Smoking Is Ugly - http://www.smokingisugly.com/
Created Christy Turlington to raise awareness about the effects of smoking, smoking related diseases and lung cancer. "More women died of lung cancer in 2002 than of breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer combined" Facts and quitting info.
- Women and Smoking - http://women.americanlegacy.org/
American Legacy Foundation tobacco education campaign features real women battling very real tobacco-related illnesses light emphysema, lung cancer, and throat cancer, and highlights their real parting letters to their family and loved ones.
- Smoking: A Guide for Teens - http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/smokeinfo.html
Center for Young Women's Health in Boston provides short factsheet aimed at teen women.
- The Truth About "Light" Cigarettes - http://wcn.org/interior.cfm?contentid=10458&contentfile=fa.cfm&contenttypeid=8&featureid=2&diseaseid=7&pagetype=detail&page=1
Women's Cancer Network explains why the lower tar and nicotine numbers are misleading, the cigarettes are designed to trick the smoking machines, and light cigarettes are no less lethal.
- 16. Women and smoking - http://www.quit.org.au/quit/FandI/fandi/c16.htm
Chapter in a book on smoking in Australia.
- Marketing Cigarettes to Women - Fact Sheet - http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/christy/Marketing.htm
CDC pamphlet covers history of cigarette advertising strategies, current advertising strategies, sponsorships and promotions, and global advertising strategies.
- Adverse Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Reproduction - http://www.foresight-preconception.org.uk/summaries/frames/smoking-nf.html
"Cigarette smoking is not only harmful to an individual. It is particularly detrimental during the reproductive period, when it may not only harm the unborn child, but may also damage the reproductive capacity of the next generation."
- This Kills Women: Do Feminist Groups Even Care? - http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A2379-2001Apr10¬Found=true
Washington Post article examines why women's groups say little about the leading cause of preventable death among women; one factor covered is tobacco industry money accepted by women's groups.
- Cigarettes Cause More Damage to Women - http://www.ingenta.com/isis/searching/ExpandTOC/ingenta?issue=infobike://ers/erj/2003/00000021/00000006&index=19&WebLogicSession=PtuQ4NQDFLsPuq8Q4sSB|6488290806610947403/-1052814329/6/7051/7051/7052/7052/7051/-1
Recent research finds that cigarettes cause more disease in women.
- Cigarette Ads Targetting Women - http://www.tobacco.org/ads/index.php?tdo_code=pollay_ads&brand=&marketing_type=&type=&company=&date_begin=&date_end=&pattern=women&records_per_page=10&sorted_by=&submit.x=55&submit.y=17
A collection of cigarette ads targetting women, from a gallery of cigarette ads.
- Tobacco Advertising and Women: Virginia Slims Advertising - http://www.tobacco.org/ads/index.php?tdo_code=pollay_ads&brand=Virginia+Slims&marketing_type=&type=&company=&date_begin=&date_end=&pattern=&records_per_page=10&sorted_by=&submit.x=60&submit.y=9
You've come a long way baby. A collection of Virginia Slimds ads shows how cigarettes were pushed in the 70's.
- Women and Smoking - http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_forwomen/
A 2001 report of the U.S. Surgeon General which includes patterns of tobacco used among women, graphs, statistical data, how to quit, state information, links.
- Smoke-Free Families: Know a Pregnant Smoker? - http://www.smokefreefamilies.org/quit/youknow.asp
Benefits of quitting for you and your baby, resources that will help you quit smoking and stay quit, and how to contact Smoke-Free Families.
- Tobacco Advertising - http://users.wclynx.com/theshaws/
Gallery of tobacco ads, some exploiting women, some targetting women.
- "You've Gone the Wrong Way, Baby" - http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-28829-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
Women's smoking, targetting of women in tobacco marketing, and resulting cancer rates, with a focus on Canada.
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