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Reference: Knowledge Management: Knowledge Representation: Ontologies

Sites:

Buffalo Ontology Site  - http://wings.buffalo.edu/philosophy/ontology/  Information on ontology, on the history of ontology, and on contemporary ontology and its applications.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: The Identity of Indiscernibles  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-indiscernible/  A principle of analytic ontology first explicitly formulated by Leibniz. It states that no two distinct substances exactly resemble each other.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Tropes  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tropes/  An article describing tropes; by John Bacon.  Descriptive and Formal Ontology  - http://www.formalontology.it/  An extensive resource site on the development of ontology, especially in the twentieth century.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Holes  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/holes/  An interesting case-study for ontologists and epistemologists.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Events  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/events/  Survey of philosophical views on the character and status of events; by Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Physicalism  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/  Discussion of the thesis that everything is physical; by Daniel Stoljar.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Abstract Objects  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/abstract-objects/  Survey of attempts to draw the distinction between concrete and abstract objects; by Gideon Rosen.  Qualia: The Knowledge Argument  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia-knowledge/  Aims to establish that conscious experience involves non-physical properties. It is one of the most discussed arguments against physicalism; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Martine Nida-Rümelin.  What is Ontology?  - http://www.formalontology.it/section_4.htm  Collected definitions, from leading philosophical reference works and from philosophers from Wolff to Husserl.  Why Does Anything Exist?  - http://www.hedweb.com/nihilism/  Sequence of short essays on this topic.  Metaphysics of Quality  - http://www.moq.org/  Robert M. Pirsig deals with the fundamentals of existence and attempts to provide a more coherent system for understanding reality than current paradigms allow.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Existence  - http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existence/  Survey article by Barry Miller.  The Metaphysics of Blue  - http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/5243/  On the nature of consciousness - looking for soul in a soulless world.  The Shift of Aspect in Language and Thought  - http://mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/salt/  Notes on the relational element in the assertion that things exist. Patterned on Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations.  PhilSci Archive: Idealist Philosophy: What is Real ?  - http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00001216/01/reality.html  Paper by Axel Randrup defending idealism and arguing that materialism leads to logical contradictions, which closes by considering the implications of this for religion.